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The
operation of the Web relies primarily on hypertext as its means of information retrieval.
HyperText is a document containing words that connect to other documents. These
words are called links and are selectable by the user.
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A
single hypertext document can contain links to many documents. In the context
of the Web, words or graphics may serve as links to other documents, images,
video, and sound. Links may or may not follow a logical path, as each
connection is created by the author of the source document. Overall, the Web
contains a complex virtual web of connections among a vast number of documents,
images, videos, and sounds.
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Producing
hypertext for the Web is accomplished by creating documents with a language
called hypertext markup language, or html. With HTML, tags are placed within
the text to accomplish document formatting, visual features such as font size, italics
and bold, and the creation of hypertext links.
<p> This
is a paragraph that shows the underlying HTML code. <strong>This sentence is
rendered in bold text</strong>.
<em>This sentence is rendered in italic text.</em>
</p>
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HTML
is an evolving language, with new tags being added as each upgrade of the language
is developed and released. Nowadays, design features are often separated from
the content of the HTML page and placed into cascading style sheets (css). This
practice has several advantages, including the fact that an external style
sheet can centrally control the design of multiple pages. The World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C), led by Web founder Tim Berners-Lee, coordinates the efforts
of standardizing HTML. The W3C now calls the language XHTML and considers it to
be an application of the XML language standard.
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Pages
on the Web
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The
backbone of the World Wide Web are its files, called pages or Web pages,
containing
information and links to resources - both text and multimedia – throughout the
Internet.
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Web
pages can be created by user activity. For example, if you visit a Web search engine
and enter keywords on the topic of your choice, a page will be created containing
the results of your search.
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Access
to Web pages can be accomplished in all sorts of ways, including:
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Entering
a Web address into your browser and retrieving a page directly
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Browsing
through sites and selecting links to move from one page to another both within
and beyond the site
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Doing
a search on a search engine to retrieve pages on the topic of your choice (See:
The World of Search Engines)
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Searching
through directories containing links to organized collections of Web pages (See:
The World of Subject Directories)
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Clicking
on links within e-mail messages
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Using
apps on social networking sites or your mobile phone to access Web and other online
content
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Retrieving
updates via RSS feeds and clicking on links within these feeds (See: RSS Basics)
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