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• Source Generates data to be
transmitted
• Transmitter Converts data into
transmittable signals
• Transmission System Carries
data
• Receiver Converts received
signal into data
• Destination Takes incoming data
The figure also shows an example
of a public telephone network.
The networks can be classified as
shown below
• Wired, Wireless and Fiber Optic
Networks
• LANs, MANs and WANs
• Circuit Switched, Packet Switched and Virtual
Circuit Switched Networks
• Access, Edge and Core Networks
The computer network can be
classified based on architecture and access as shown below
• Architecture
Common LAN architectures:
Ethernet IEEE 802.3, Token Ring, and FDDI.
• Access Possibilities
shared-media networks
switching networks
• Transmission Technology
Broadcast links Point-to-point
links The architecture based classification will be dealt later. The shared
media networks: The stations connected to the same media and can share all the
resources like printers and scanners and also software resources and share the
same communication channel. Where as incase of switching networks a switching
element is used and will route the information to the relevant output. The
information comes from many sources and forwarded only to the correct output. Broad
cast links have a single communication channel shared by all the machines on
the network. A short message called a packet is sent by any machine and
received by all the others in the network. The address of the receiver is
present in the message all the machine simply ignores. Actually there is a
special address called broadcast address where all the machines receive the
packet. This type of transmission is called the Broadcasting. Some broadcast
systems allow the message to be sent to only a subset of the machine or a group
by using a bit in the address field to indicate that the message is intended
for the group. This method is called the multicasting. In contrast the point to
point link, the source and the destination have several links. The message may
have to visit an intermediate station before reaching the destination. The
point to point link between one sender and the receiver is also called as
unicasting. Wired network: All the machines are connected using a wire, that
could be a copper wire or fibre optic. They are many different topologies used
to connect the machines. The figure below shows how the machines are connected
using the wire this is an example of a bus topology.
All the machines are connected using a wire and can
share all the resources.
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