DBMS Programming Language Interfaces

• Programmer interfaces for embedding DML in a programming languages:
Embedded Approach: e.g embedded SQL (for C,C++, etc.), SQLJ (for Java)
Procedure Call Approach: e.g. JDBC for Java, ODBC for other programming
languages
Database Programming Language Approach:
e.g. ORACLE has PL/SQL, a programming language based on SQL;
language incorporates SQL and its data types as integral components/
User-Friendly DBMS Interfaces
• Menu-based, popular for browsing on the web
• Forms-based, designed for naïve users
• Graphics-based (Point and Click, Drag and Drop, etc.)
• Natural language: requests in written English
• Combinations of the above:For example, both menus and forms usedextensively
in Web database interfaces
Other DBMS Interfaces
• Speech as Input and Output
• Web Browser as an interface
• Parametric interfaces, e.g., bank tellers using function keys.
• Interfaces for the DBA:
• Creating user accounts, granting authorizations
• Setting system parameters
• Changing schemas or access paths


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