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Fig – a semiconductor diode symbol
Basic operation
Fig – b Vi characteristics of a diode
n-type versus p-type
• n-type materials make the Silicon (or Germanium) atoms more negative.
• p-type materials make the Silicon (or Germanium) atoms more positive.
• Join n-type and p-type doped Silicon (or Germanium) to form a p-n junction.
p-n junction
• When the materials are joined, the negatively charged atoms of the n-type doped side
are attracted to the positively charged atoms of the p-type doped side.
• The electrons in the n-type material migrate across the junction to the p-type material
(electron flow).
• the ‘holes’ in the p-type material migrate across the junction to the n-type material
(conventional current flow).
• The result is the formation of a depletion layer around the junction.
Depletion region
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