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The
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol used in
local and wide area networks.
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it
is classified as an interior gateway protocol (IGP) using the distance-vector
routing algorithm.
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A
RIP run on top of UDP, port number 520 is used.
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RIP
is a distance-vector routing protocol, Which employs the hop count as a
routing metric.
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Suitable
for small networks (local area environments)
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The
maximum number of hops allowed with RIP is 15, and the hold down time is 180 seconds.
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Value
of 16 is reserved to represent infinity, i.e. node is not reachable.
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Small
number limits the count-to-infinity problem.
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Originally
each RIP router transmits full updates every 30 seconds by default.
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A
router expects to receive an update message from each of its neighbors within
180 seconds in the worst case
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If
router does not receive update message from neighbor X within this limit, it
assumes the link to X has failed and sets the corresponding minimum cost to 16
(infinity)
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Originally,
routing tables were small enough that the traffic was not significant.
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RIP
implements the split horizon, route poisoning and holddown mechanisms to
prevent
incorrect
routing information from being propagated. These are some of the stability features
of RIP.
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RIP
is available in two versions, i.e. RIP1 and RIP2.
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In
many current networking environments RIP would not be the preferred choice for routing
as its time to converge and scalability are poor compared to EIGRP, OSPF
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The
hop limit severely limits the size of network it can be used in.
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The
periodic routing updates do not carry subnet information, lacking support for variable
length subnet masks (VLSM). This limitation makes it impossible to have different-sized
subnets inside of the same network class.
Command: - specifies the
purpose of the message, two values are defined value 1 requests the system to
send its routing information and values 2 indicates a response containing the routing
information.
Version: - two versions,
RIPV1 and RIPV2
Address Family
Identifier:-identifies
type of address used currently only IP address is defined
IP address: - indicates
the address of destination, which can be network or host address.
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