Constraints on Relationship Types
(Also known as ratio constraints)
Cardinality Ratio (specifies maximum
participation)
One-to-one (1:1)
One-to-many (1:N) or Many-to-one
(N:1)
Many-to-many (M:N)
Existence Dependency Constraint
(specifies minimum participation) (also called
participation constraint)
zero (optional participation, not
existence-dependent)
one or more (mandatory participation,
existence-dependent)
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