Database Schema vs. Database State

• Database State: Refers to the content of a database at a moment in time.
• Initial Database State: Refers to the database state when it is initially loaded into the system.
• Valid State: A state that satisfies the structure and constraints of the database.
• Distinction
The database schema changes very infrequently.
The database state changes every time the database is updated
• Schema is also called intension
• State is also called extension

Example of a Database Schema

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